An Atlas of the Universe - Changes

This is a record of most of the changes and new additions that have been made to the website over the past few months.

30 Jul 2006
- I added another galaxy (Ursa Major II) to the map of the Satellite galaxies, (and this one). And I added it to the list of Local Group galaxies.
- I also added three more galaxies (Andromeda XI, XII, and XIII) to the list of Local Group galaxies.

22 Jul 2006
- I have replaced the Map of the Milkyway Galaxy with a new version (1, 2).
- I also rewrote the section on The Shape of the Milky Way - The Evidence

16 May 2006
- I added a proper copyright statement to my website.

8 May 2006
- I added two more galaxies to the list of Local Group Galaxies (the Boo and CVn dwarfs), and I updated my maps of the Local Group (1, 2) and Satellite Galaxies (1, 2).
- I also increased the number of Satellite dwarf galaxies to 11, and the number of Local Group dwarf galaxies to 42
- I decided to double the number of dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Supercluster, Neighbouring Superclusters, and the Visible Universe to 50 000, 60 million, and 7 trillion (7x10¹²), respectively.

1 May 2006
- This website was translated into Turkish!.

16 Apr 2006
- I added a page about the Gamma Cygni Nebula. (This was an unfinished page which has been sitting on my computer for the past three years). :)

9 Mar 2006
- I resurrected the Spanish and Catalan versions of this website.

20 Feb 2006
- I have revised and updated the list of the nearest stars, and the 20 light years map (and this one).
- I have also revised the list of Local Group galaxies.
- I created a page showing some typical multiple star orbits.

1 Mar 2005
- I created a short page about the Cosmic Microwave Background.

21 Dec 2004
- I also mapped the entire night-sky onto the sides of a 26-sided polyhedron.
  Oh, and I also changed the wallpaper(1, 2) on this website.

21 Dec 2004
- I increased the number of stars within 250 light years to 260 000 and I doubled the number of stars within 5000 light years to 600 million.
- I increased the number of stars within 500 000 light years to 225 billion.
- I increased the number of galaxy groups within 100 million light years to 200, but I decreased the number of stars to 200 trillion (2x10¹⁴).
- I increased the number of superclusters within 1 billion light years to 100 and I increased the number of galaxy groups to 240 000, but I decreased the number of stars to 250 000 trillion (2.5x10¹⁷).
- I also underestimated the number of stars and galaxies in the entire visible universe (there is an enormous population of galaxies at very high redshifts):
  In the visible universe there are 10 million superclusters, 25 billion galaxy groups, 350 billion large galaxies, 3.5 trillion dwarf galaxies and 30 billion trillion (3x10²²) stars!

16 Sep 2003
- Epsilon Indi is now known to be orbited by two brown dwarfs. I had to change the description of the star and update the list of the nearest stars.

6 Sep 2003
- 250 000 visitors have now visited this website.

23 Aug 2003
- I added 3 more galaxy pictures to the bottom of the Maffei Group page (and I also swapped the IC 342 picture with a better version).
  I added 3 more galaxy pictures to bottom of the M81 Group page.

8 Aug 2003
- I replaced the picture of NGC 55 on the Sculptor Group page with a larger version, (and I added a picture of ESO 471-06).
  I added 3 more galaxy pictures to bottom of the page about the NGC 5128 Group.

30 Jul 2003
- I completed some pages about:
  the Leo II Groups and the Virgo III Groups.
  and I wrote an additional page about the Virgo II Groups.

26 Jul 2003
- Joan Gironès translated this website into Catalan!
  The Portuguese version of this website also changed to a new address.

16 Jul 2003
- I completed some pages about:
  the Virgo Cluster the Ursa Major Groups and the Fornax Cluster.

5 Jul 2003
- I completed some pages I wrote about nearby galaxy groups:
  the Sculptor Group, the Maffei Group, the M81 Group, the Canes I Group, the NGC 5128 Group, the M101 Group, the Canes II Group, and the Leo I Group.

1 Jun 2003
- I rewrote the Links page.

30 May 2003
- The following pictures were all replaced with better versions:

9 May 2003
- I created a page about the Distance Scale of the Universe.

2 May 2003
- I reduced the size of the visible universe to 14 billion light years. :)
  - This means that all references to '15 billion' have been changed to '14 billion' on the index page, the visible universe page, and the big bang page.
  - These arrows on the index page were changed.
  - The zoom out and zoom in buttons on the superclusters page and the visible universe page were also modified.
  - The text about ''The Size of the Universe'' on the visible universe page was also rewritten.

1 Mar 2003
- I changed the table code on the index page to make it look better.

28 Feb 2003
- The Polish version of this webpage changed to a new address.

23 Feb 2003
- I created a page about the North America and Pelican nebulae.

11 Feb 2003
- I created a page about the Eagle and Omega nebulae. (I also combined these two nebulae together into a single page).

8 Feb 2003
- A few supercluster links changed location:
  - On the Coma supercluster page, Margaret Geller's webpage vanished, but I found an alternative.
  - On the Shapley supercluster page, Harlow Shapley's Note on a Remote Cloud of Galaxies in Centaurus, and his map moved to a new address.
  - On the Horologium supercluster page, Harlow Shapley's Catalogue of 7889 External Galaxies in Horologium and Surrounding Regions, and his map also moved to a new address.

6 Feb 2003
- I created a page about the Lagoon and Trifid nebulae. (I decided to combine these two nebulae together into a single page).

22 Jan 2003
- I created a page about the NGC 3576 nebula.
  Oh, and 54 Piscium at 36 light years is now known to have a planet.

13 Jan 2003
- A brown dwarf companion to Epsilon Indi was discovered. I included it in the list of the nearest stars, and I mention it in my description of Epsilon Indi.

1 Jan 2003
- I created a page about the Eta Carinae nebula.
  Michael Grochowiec translated this web page into Polish!

28 Dec 2002
- I created pages about the Heart and Soul nebulae, the California nebula, the Orion nebula, the Rosette nebula, and the Cone nebula.

30 Nov 2002
- I added an all-sky plot of every star visible with the naked eye.
  I also added an additional picture of the Shapley supercluster at the bottom of this page.

15 Nov 2002
- I created some new wallpaper. :)

11 Nov 2002
- I added a much larger version of my map of the Galaxy here.
  And I replaced the image at the bottom-left of this page. The previous picture was the wrong Pavo cluster!

25 Oct 2002
- I added an all-sky plot of the 60000 brightest galaxies.
  I added a better map of the Virgo cluster.
  And I added an infra-red picture of the Milky Way.

11 Oct 2002
- I created a page about the Corona Borealis supercluster

5 Oct 2002
- I created a page about the Horologium supercluster

29 Sep 2002
- I created a page about the Boötes supercluster

21 Sep 2002
- I created a page about the Pisces-Cetus supercluster

14 Sep 2002
- I created a page on the Shapley supercluster

6 Sep 2002
- I created pages on the Hercules supercluster and the Leo supercluster.
- I also replaced these 4 cluster maps with better versions:

14 August 2002
- Hooray! 100 000 visitors. :)

18 Aug 2002
- I created pages on the Hydra supercluster, Centaurus supercluster, Perseus-Pisces supercluster, Pavo-Indus supercluster, Coma supercluster and the Sculptor superclusters.

14 July 2002
- Ramiro Clavijo translated this web page into Spanish!

22 Jun 2002
- On the list of Stars within 50 Light Years, HR6094 is now known to have a planet and Rho1 Cancri is now known to have 3 planets.

16 Jun 2002
- I changed the Dark Nebulae page - I replaced the map with a new version which includes southern hemisphere objects. I changed the list next to it. I also added a second diagram of molecular clouds.
  And I replaced the picture of the Pipe Nebula with a better version.
  I added a few extra dark nebulae to this map.

25 May 2002
- I revised the list of The 200 Brightest Stars, especially the star names and the spectral classes.
  I also replaced the picture at the bottom of the page with a picture of Orion's belt.

9 May 2002
- I added a plot of our part of the Galaxy within 20000 light years.
  I also made a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram by plotting 23000 stars from the Hipparcos and Gliese catalogues.

18 April 2002
- I added one more star (LP 656-38) to the maps [1, 2] and list of stars within 20 light years.
  There are now 110 stars within 20 light years in 79 star systems.

13 April 2002
- This website was translated into Serbian!

11 April 2002
- I rearranged and partially rewrote the page on The Expansion of the Universe to make it clearer.

31 March 2002
- I created a page explaining all about The Expansion of the Universe.

17 March 2002
- I added a map of the universe within 200 million light years.
  I also modified the description of the Centaurus Supercluster. A3526 is the dominant cluster, not A3565.

4 March 2002
- Norbert Rumiano translated this site into French!

1 March 2002
- I rewrote some of the descriptions of nearby galaxy groups.
  I also changed the picture caption at the bottom of this page.

16 February 2002

I discovered how to create

coloured table borders :)

2 February 2002
- I completely revised the map of the Nearest Galaxy Groups and I also revised the list of nearby galaxies underneath it. I also added a list of the 200 Brightest Galaxies.

23 January 2002
- I created some slightly better wallpaper. :)

19 January 2002
- I replaced the 250 Light Years map (and this one) with an actual plot of the 1500 most luminous stars within 250 light years, and I also rewrote the "About the Map" description, I had to change my claim that the majority of the naked eye stars are within 250 light years because it isn't actually true. :)
  I also added a map of the Hyades star cluster.

12 January 2002
- I redrew the Visible Universe map (and this one), and I also replaced the Hubble Deep Field picture with a larger version.
  I also modified the 1 billion light years map (and this one).

5 January 2002
- I added this Glossary page.

1 January 2002
- I changed the 20 light years map (and this one). I added two new 'DENIS' stars to it but removed the Wolf 630 system which probably lies at 21 light years. I also revised the List of the Nearest Stars.
  I also added this picture of Proxima Centauri.

15 December 2001
- I made minor changes to the 50 light years map (and this one) and revised the list of the stars within 50 light years (especially columns 6, 11 and 12).
  I also added a picture of Capella at the bottom of the page.

24 November 2001
- Redrew the Orion Arm and also added an all-sky plot of the 25000 brightest, whitest stars.
  Also created this Recent Changes page.

2 November 2001
- Revised and redrew the other picture of The Galaxy.

1 November 2001
- Added this diagram that zooms out from the Earth to the nearest stars.

13 October 2001
- I redrew the Milky Way yet again to make it even more accurate and incorporate new information about the shape of the central bar.

27 September 2001
- Completely revised and redrew the Map of the Milky Way.

26 August 2001
- New! A Map of Superclusters within 2 Billion Light Years!

4 August 2001
- Added a detailed map of the Orion Arm within 2000 light years.

30 June 2001
- Completely revised the map of the nearest galaxy groups and added a list of the nearest bright galaxies.

23 June 2001
- Revised everything on superclusters. Redrew the 1 billion light years map, rewrote all of the supercluster descriptions and revised the list of the nearest superclusters.

15 June 2001
- Hooray! 10000 hits on this page since last August.

26 May 2001
- New! A map of superclusters within half a billion light years.

6 May 2001
- Added some nebulae and star cluster pictures.

28 April 2001
- Added a bit of colour to the picture of the galaxy. And added a Map of Dark Nebulae.

April 2001
- Added a map of the nearest galaxy groups.

6 April 2001
- Added a map of all the naked eye stars within 50 light years.

11 March 2001
- Revised the map of the Virgo Supercluster and added a map of the Virgo Cluster.
  Also added another diagram of the Virgo Supercluster to prove that my map is reasonably accurate. :)

20 February 2001
- Added some pictures of Local Group galaxies.